(P03-009-24) Poultry Consumption May Not Be Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Morbidity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Objectives: Poultry meats, predominantly chicken, are the most consumed type of meat in the United States. However, observational research examining the relation between poultry consumption with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence is inconsistent, and a rigorous review summarizing and analyzing the evidence on the relation is lacking. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize and analyze the association between dietary poultry consumption and risk of developing T2DM.

Methods: Potentially eligible articles were identified via a systematic search of four electronic health research databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL (EBSCO), and Scopus). Included articles were observational prospective cohort studies with adults aged ≥18 years and assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The screening, data extraction, and quality assessment of articles were done in duplicate by two independent reviewers and crosschecked. A random effects model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the association between the highest versus the lowest categories of poultry consumption and risk of developing T2DM.

Results: Of 1,130 articles identified and screened, 11 met the inclusion criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment of articles deemed five (45%) as moderate quality and six (55%) as high quality. The results showed a neutral association between poultry consumption and risk of developing T2DM, although there was a trend for a positive association between poultry consumption and risk of developing T2DM (HR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10; p = 0.066; I² = 77%). Of the 11 articles included, four (36%) included only unprocessed poultry and seven (64%) did not report the processing categorization of poultry, 10 (91%) did not report cooking methods, and 11 (100%) did not report whether poultry was consumed with or without skin.

Conclusions: The findings suggest a neutral association between poultry consumption and risk of developing T2DM in adults. New observational research is needed on the impacts of consuming chicken/poultry, considering food processing, cooking methods, and products consumed, on risk of developing T2DM.

Funding Sources: National Chicken Council