(P13-061-24) As Life Expectancy Increases in People Living With HIV, Prior Nutrition Recommendations May Increase the Risk of the Development of Secondary Chronic Conditions
University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
Disclosure(s):
Michael K. Reger, PhD, MPH: No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.
Objectives: Improvements in HIV treatment have led to a greater than 30-year increase in life-expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH) in the U.S. over the past 40 years. However, increased life expectancy also increases the risk of nutritionally associated secondary chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Prior recommendations for PLWH included increased caloric consumption to avoid wasting, but further research is needed to determine if updated recommendations could decrease the risk of secondary chronic conditions while still avoiding this outcome. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if PLWH in the U.S. continue consuming more total energy and other nutrients associated with poor health outcomes compared to those without HIV, an important first step in this line of research.
Methods: Data used in this study was from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999-2017. Differences based on HIV status were examined for demographic and anthropometric variables. Dichotomous nutrient variables were calculated based on the specific recommended daily amounts (RDA). Simple and adjusted logistic regressions were used to determine the association between HIV status and meeting or exceeding the RDAs. Variables included in the final adjusted logistic regression were age, race, gender, BMI, monocyte %, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and globulin.
Results: Results from the adjusted logistic regression demonstrate that PLWH have a higher overall caloric intake, and therefore an increased intake of nutrients associated with the development of secondary chronic conditions. PLWH were more likely to exceed the RDA of many specific nutrients, including sugar (OR: 4.47; 95% CI: 4.41-4.53), saturated fat (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.85-1.88), and sodium (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.34-1.36).
Conclusions: The results show that PLWH are more likely to exceed the RDA of nutrients associated with chronic conditions. As treatments continue to prolong life for PLWH, previous recommendations of increased caloric consumption to avoid wasting may no longer be viable. Further study is needed to determine an appropriate nutritional balance for PLWH to both maintain a healthy weight and avoid the increased risk of nutritionally related chronic conditions.
