(P06-004-24) Impact of Acute Lentil Intake on Postprandial Bile Acids and Triglycerides in Adults With Elevated Metabolic Risk

Objectives: Elevated postprandial triglyceride (TG) and bile acid (BA) responses are indicators of impaired metabolic health and are associated with overweight and obesity. Consumption of fiber-rich foods can acutely reduce postprandial fat absorption while long-term fiber-rich diets can modify the composition and concentration of the BA pool. However, it is unclear how acute fiber intake influences the postprandial BA response and how alterations to the BA response impact postprandial TGs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute lentil consumption on postprandial BA and TG responses from a high-fat meal (HFM) in a cohort with overweight and obesity.

Methods: A double-blind randomized crossover trial was conducted to assess the impact of a HFM (50 g FAT, 54 g CHO, 12 g PRO) challenge containing 0 g (CON) or 140 g (LEN) of cooked green lentils with 14.5 g of fiber on postprandial BA and TG responses in adults (n=24) aged 18 and 65 years with a body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m² (31.3 ± 5.7, mean ± SD). Blood samples were collected at fasting and 30-minute timepoints for 4 hours postprandially. Serum samples were analyzed for BAs using untargeted LCMS. Total and individual serum BAs and TGs were summarized as integrated area under the curve (iAUC) and peak concentration (C_max). Mixed models were utilized to test the impact of meal on postprandial BAs and TGs and spearman correlations were utilized to assess relationships between BAs and TG iAUC.

Results: Twelve BAs were identified for analysis. Total serum fasting BAs were not different between meal conditions (F=0.04, p=0.84). No effect of meal was identified on TG or BA responses as measured by C_max and iAUC. Additionally, no relationships were identified between total or individual postprandial BAs and TG iAUC in LEN. In CON, we detected a negative relationship between the bile acid taurochenodeoxycholic acid (r=-0.63, p=0.03) and TG iAUC.

Conclusions: While inclusion of lentils in a HFM did not affect postprandial TG and BA responses, differential relationships between individual BAs and the TG response were identified between meal groups which suggests a three-way interaction between fiber, fat, and BAs on postprandial TGs. More research is needed to understand the interaction between acute fiber intake and postprandial TG and BA responses.

Funding Sources: USDA-NIFA AFRI