(P29-010-24) Reproducibility of Adopting a Healthy Dietary Pattern Twice on Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factor Responses in Adults: Informing Nutrition for Precision Health

Objectives: Knowing the reproducibility of changes in cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk factors within individuals in response to short-term dietary interventions is important for the Nutrition for Precision Health, powered by the All of Us Research Program. An objective of this study is to assess the reproducibility of CMD risk factor responses when participants transition from a self-chosen, unrestricted, typically less healthy dietary pattern (HDP) to a provided HDP.

Methods: We conducted a cross-over randomized controlled trial with two identical 3-week dietary intervention periods separated by a 4-week dietary washout. Twice, 13 males and 7 females (21-69 y, BMI 22-34.9 kg/m²) consumed an omnivorous U.S.-style HDP. Beef was produced in either conventional systems or ‘raised without antibiotic’ systems. CMD risk factors (fasting total cholesterol (TC), LDL, HDL, glucose (GLU), weight (WT), average systolic (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)) were measured before and after each intervention. Reproducibility of measurements 1) before and after each HDP intervention, and 2) the changes in CMD risk factors (post-pre interventions) were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). An ICC ≥ 0.8 indicates good reproducibility, 0.7 ≤ ICC < 0.8 moderate reproducibility, 0.6 ≤ ICC < 0.7 acceptable, and ICC < 0.6 poor reproducibility.

Results: Compared to their self-chosen dietary pattern, consuming a HPD for 3 weeks decreased TC, LDL, HDL, GLU, WT, SBP, and DBP (all p < 0.05). There was good to moderate reproducibility when participants repeatedly consumed their self-chosen diet and stronger reproducibility after they repeatedly consumed the HDP. The ICCs for baseline measurements varied among good (LDL, HDL, WT, SBP) moderate (DBP) and poor (TC, GLU). The ICCs at post were good (TC, LDL, HDL, WT, SBP) or moderate (GLU, DBP). In contrast, there was poor reproducibility for change values for all outcomes (ICC TC = 0.393, LDL = 0.514, HDL = 0.308, GLU = 0.222, WT = 0.526, SBP = 0.424, DBP = 0.204).

Conclusions: These findings of poor reproducibility for changes in CMD risk factors within individuals in response to adopting a healthy dietary pattern should be considered for the Nutrition for Precision Health initiative.

Funding Sources: NCBA-Beef Checkoff