(PTFS10-05-24) A Dietary Glycan Encyclopedia of Food: Unveiling Molecular Structures via LC-MS for Precision Nutrition Initiatives

Sunday, June 30, 2024

4:16 PM – 4:20 PM CT

Location: Hall F1 (The Hub) - Poster Theater

Presenting Author(s)

CS

Christopher Suarez, B.A.

PhD Student
University of California, Davis
Davis, California, United States

Disclosure(s): No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Co-Author(s)

SE

Shawn Ehlers Cheang, Chemistry

Graduate Student
University of California, Davis
Davis, California, United States
JJ

Jiani Jiang

University of California, Davis, United States
JL

Jules A. Larke

USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center
CL

Carlito B. Lebrilla, Ph.D.

Professor
University of California, Davis
Davis, California, United States
Danielle G. Lemay, PhD

Research Molecular Biologist
USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center
Davis, California, United States
Jennifer T. Smilowitz, PhD (she/her/hers)

Assistant Professor
University of California, Davis
Davis, California, United States
AS

Aaron Stacy

University of California, Davis, United States
CW

Cheng-Yu Weng, B.S. (he/him/his)

PhD Student
University of California, Davis
Davis, California, United States

Objectives: The importance of carbohydrates in human diets is widely reported. Various types of carbohydrates, such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, exhibit distinct biological activities based on their structural properties, while common nutrition labels oversimplify these complexities. To address this, we propose a comprehensive glycan encyclopedia of food that covers 250 commonly consumed foods in America and provides their monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, glycosidic linkage, and polysaccharide composition.

Methods: Food samples underwent 80% ethanol precipitation after lyophilization and homogenization. The supernatant was dried for Combined Alcohol Soluble Carbohydrate Determination (CASCADE) analysis, followed by three ethanol rinses to obtain pellet for Monomeric Analysis of Carbohydrates (MACS), Comprehensive Linkage Analysis of Carbohydrates (LACS) and Fenton’s Initiation Toward Defined Oligosaccharide Groups (FITDOG). The top 450 foods from NHANES were matched to Glycopedia and FNDDS, resulting in 250 foods for glycan analysis.

Results: We examined monosaccharide profiles of polysaccharides from 250 foods across eight groups, revealing distinct molecular features. Grains showed high glucose, arabinose, and xylose levels. Fruits and vegetables contained glucose from starch and cellulose, along with other sugars. Our analysis identified foods like roasted almonds and wheat bran cereal as rich sources of arabinose. Galacturonic acid (GalA) and fucose, notable for their potential health effects, were found in various food categories. Grain products exhibited high starch content, while beans, peas, legumes, nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables showed diverse glycosidic linkages, indicative of their fiber content. Lastly, mapping the encyclopedia to NHANES data showcased its significance in personalized nutrition. A random forest model predicted insulin resistance, identifying monomeric fucose as crucial, underlining molecular data's importance in precision nutrition and gut health.

Conclusions: Mapping the glycan encyclopedia of foods, utilizing multi-glycomic platforms and NHANES data, highlighted its role in predicting insulin resistance, emphasizing precision nutrition.

Funding Sources: USDA, NIH