The mission of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is to seek fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce illness and disability. NIH supports and conducts a broad array of transformative and effective research studies to better understand nutrition and how it relates to human health and the risk for disease. In May 2020, NIH announced its first agency wide 2020–2030 Strategic Plan for NIH Nutrition Research, to further advance this area and address diet-related diseases across the life span. NIH is the leader in federally supported nutrition research and training. In fiscal year 2022, NIH provided a total of $2.1 billion to institutions of higher education, independent hospitals, and other research organizations in 50 states, the District of Columbia, two U.S. territories, and 19 foreign countries, including approximately 2,000 nutrition-related clinical studies.