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Session: Late Breaking/Rapid Science Oral Session

(LB01-03-24) U.S.-Style Healthy Dietary Patterns With Moderate Amounts of Lean Red Meat and Plant-Based Protein Foods Promote Cardiovascular Health: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Tuesday, July 2, 2024
8:36 AM – 8:48 AM CT
Location:  W183

    Presenting Author(s)

  • Jacqueline Schmok, BS

    MS Student, Graduate Research Assistant
    Purdue University
    Fishers, Indiana, United States

    Disclosure(s): No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

    • Co-Author(s)

  • Wayne W. Campbell, PhD

    Professor
    Purdue University
    Center on Aging and the Life Course
    West Lafayette, Indiana, United States

  • BR

    Bryce Raber

    Purdue University, United States

  • YS

    Youha Shin

    Purdue University, United States

Objectives: We assessed the effects of consuming different proportions of lean red meat (RM) and plant-based protein-rich foods (nuts, seeds, and soy products; NSS) incorporated into a U.S.-Style Healthy Dietary Pattern (HDP) on cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults at high risk of developing a heart-related disease. We hypothesized that adopting a HDP would lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), with the magnitude of reduction greater for low RM, high NSS.

Methods: We conducted a cross-over (balanced incomplete block) randomized clinical trial. All participants (n=60 males and females, ages 30-69 y and BMI 25-37 kg/m2) consumed an omnivorous U.S.-Style HDP – all foods provided – during 5-week controlled feeding periods. Each participant completed two of the three controlled feeding periods, separated by four weeks when they consumed their usual unrestricted diet (washout). The three HDP interventions were: high RM, low NSS; moderate RM, moderate NSS; and low RM, high NSS. The HEP consumed during the controlled feeding periods were the same except for the amounts of RM (9, 5, or 1, 3-oz servings/wk) and NSS (low, moderate, and high, with amounts adjusted to isocalorically offset differences in RM energy intakes). Before and at the end of each intervention, we collected fasting serum samples for lipid-liproprotein analyses and measured systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures.

Results: The proportions of RM to NSS consumed within the HDP affected the change in serum LDL-C (Time x Diet, p=0.021). LDL-C was reduced with the medium RM, medium NSS HDP (-12 ± 2.9 mg/dL, mean ± SEM, p=0.002), and low RM, high NSS HDP (-10 ± 3.0, p=0.017) but not the high RM, low NSS HDP (-1 ± 3.1 mg/dL, p=0.999). The proportions of RM to NSS did not affect the reductions in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Time, p=0.008) or SBP/DPB (Time, p= < 0.001/p=0.017).

Conclusions: Results of this experimental controlled feeding study support that middle-aged and older adults at high risk for developing cardiovascular disease may adopt a U.S.-Style healthy dietary pattern moderately high in both lean red meat and nuts, seeds, and soy products to promote cardiovascular health.

Funding Sources: Foundation for Meat and Poultry Research and Education