(P20-098-24) Dietary Polyphenol Intake and Inflammatory Score in Women: Results From the Cardiopulmonary Outcomes and Household Air Pollution Randomized Controlled Trial

Objectives: Dietary polyphenols are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties but evidence about their role in household air pollution (HAP)-related inflammation outcomes is scarce. We aimed to determine the association between dietary polyphenol intake and inflammatory score over one year, in adult women participating in the Cardiopulmonary outcomes and Household Air Pollution (CHAP) randomized controlled trial.

Methods: Data from baseline and 12-month follow-up were gathered from 49 healthy, non-pregnant women aged 35 to 64 years living in rural communities of Puno, Peru, who used a variety of cooking fuels. Dietary intake was collected using 24-hour dietary recalls and food items were linked with those in the Phenol-Explorer database to determine the total and subgroup polyphenols intake. Inflammatory (IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) and endothelial adhesion (VCAM, ICAM) biomarkers were measured in dried blood spots and z-scores were calculated for each biomarker using the mean and standard deviation of the sample. IL-10, anti-inflammatory biomarker was scored inversely. The inflammatory score was generated by adding up the biomarkers z-scores, and categorized as high or low based on the median value at 12-month follow-up (-0.33, IQR: 3.7). Multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine the association between changes in dietary polyphenols intake and participants inflammatory score category at 12-month follow-up, adjusted by baseline inflammatory score, age, BMI, wealth score, and intervention group.

Results: Mean participant age was 48.9 ± 10.3 years, intake of total polyphenols was 366 ± 213 mg/day and phenolic acids 203 ± 90 mg/day, at baseline. The inflammatory score ranged from -3.5 to 9.5 at 12-month follow-up. In adjusted models, participants had lower odds of being in the high inflammatory category, at higher intake change of total dietary polyphenols [aOR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.98; p=0.043] and phenolic acids [aOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.68; p=0.002] over 12 months.

Conclusions: Higher intake of polyphenols was associated with a better anti-inflammatory profile among rural women with HAP exposure. These findings highlight potential benefits of polyphenol-rich diets and further studies are needed to better understand it.

Funding Sources: NIH, Fogarty International Center