(P22-060-24) “Give us fresh fruit.” Students’ Perceptions of the School Food Environment Compared to Skin Carotenoid Levels

Objectives: This research aimed to objectively measure skin carotenoid levels in middle school-aged students utilizing the Veggie Meter® (VM) and explore qualitative themes derived from focus group discussions with participants assessing their perceptions of the school food environment.

Methods: Researchers collected VM scores and conducted focus groups at five rural middle schools. The VM assesses skin carotenoid levels, providing insight into fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. VM scores range from 0-850, with the average score for the general population equating to 250. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for the participant’s total VM score. Additionally, six semi-structured focus groups were conducted, with 4-10 participants. Participants received a $10.00 gift card. Focus group questions centered on students’ dietary preferences and perceptions of their school food environment. Focus groups were transcribed by three research assistants and verified by a fourth research assistant. Transcriptions were then coded for primary themes.

Results: Participants (N = 248) exhibited poor VM scores (190.2±78.8). Focus group themes showcased students’ (N = 41) disappointment regarding FV in the school food environment. Themes included: (1) unappetizing selection of produce, “I mean, we do have salads, but it’s every now and then, and it’s the nasty parts of lettuce;” (2) desire for fresh produce, “Give us fresh fruit that’s like locally grown;” and (3) desire for diverse produce, “I just feel like maybe more different kinds of vegetables. They serve like the same vegetables every single day.”

Conclusions: Findings from this study reveal rural middle school-aged students have poor FV intake, exemplified by their low VM score. Interestingly, despite poor VM scores, focus group findings revealed students desire diverse and fresh FV, suggesting their school and/or home environment may not support a healthy diet. Schools in rural communities can serve as an extensive resource in improving FV intake among adolescents experiencing health inequalities by implementing nutrition programming. Acceptability of nutrition programming may benefit from student input.

Funding Sources: USDA-NIFA, Food and Agriculture Service Learning Project 2021-70026-35911