(P10-011-24) Consumption of a Higher Protein Breakfast for 6 Weeks Does Not Affect Postprandial Energy Expenditure or Appetite Response in 7–17 Year-Old Children

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine if increased protein intake at breakfast for 6 weeks influences energy balance by increasing energy expenditure and decreasing energy intake through changes in postprandial appetite response in 7-17 year-old children when compared to a higher carbohydrate breakfast.

Methods: This study was a 6-week, double-blind, randomized controlled dietary intervention in 7-17 year-old children. A total of 24 participants completed the study (11 males, 13 females). Participants were randomly assigned to either a protein-based breakfast (PRO; 30 g protein; n=13; 7 male; 6 female) or carbohydrate-based breakfast (CHO; 13 g protein; n=11; 5 males, 6 females). Breakfasts were isocaloric (360 kcal) and controlled for fat (11.7 g) and fiber (2 g). Participants arrived fasted on day 1 and day 42 to complete two laboratory visit test days. Anthropometrics were measured at each visit. Energy expenditure, thermic effect of food (TEF), substrate oxidation, and plasma biomarkers of appetite were measured at baseline, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes postprandial. Appetite was measured at baseline, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes postprandial. Food intake was measured using weighed food records for the remaining meals on day 1 and day 42.

Results: After controlling for body weight, there was a significant effect of time (P < 0.05) and diet intervention x time interaction (P < 0.01) on resting energy expenditure. There was a significant effect of time (P < 0.0001) and diet intervention (P < 0.01) on substrate oxidation. There was no effect of diet on perceived hunger, perceived fullness, perceived desire to eat, and prospective food consumption. There was no effect of diet on plasma glucose. There was an effect of diet (P < 0.05) on plasma cholecystokinin and plasma leucine (P < 0.01). There was no difference in energy intake between PRO and CHO on day 1 or day 42. There was no difference in protein intake on day 1, however PRO had higher protein intake on day 42 compared to CHO (P < 0.01).

Conclusions: Increasing protein intake at breakfast for 6-weeks does not change postprandial meal response in 7-17 year old children who regularly consume breakfast. This study is registered as a clinical trial on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03602144).

Funding Sources: NIH/COBRE