(P03-004-24) Dairy Matrix Modulates Postprandial Leucinemia in Adults With Overweight and Obesity

Objectives: Dietary intakes are often evaluated by the ability to meet macro- or micronutrient requirements. Indeed, it is not well understood how the complement of nutrients within a food matrix modulates nutrient availability such as plasma amino acid concentrations. Therefore, we examined post-prandial plasma amino acid profiles to dairy matrix manipulations consisting of high- or low-fat milk.

Methods: In a parallel group design, 13 overweight and obese adults were randomized into whole milk (FFD; 2 M, 1 F), nonfat milk (NFD; 3 M, 3 F), or non-dairy control (CTL; 4 M). The CTL condition was macronutrient-matched to the FFD using crystalline AA, coconut oil, and dextrose. Blood samples were collected at baseline and throughout a 5 h postprandial period after treatment ingestion. Plasma AA concentrations were determined via LC/MS/MS. The plasma net exposure to AA (incremental area under the curve, iAUC) was calculated for both early (0-2 h) and cumulative (0-5 h) postprandial periods and compared using one-way ANOVA.

Results: Plasma leucine (LEU) was significantly greater with NFD versus FFD during both the early (0-2 h) and the cumulative (0-5 h) periods (P = 0.010; 0.023). LEU concentrations were significantly greater with CTL versus FFD (P = 0.002) but not NFD (P = 0.135) during the early (0-2 h) period. Essential AA (EAA) concentrations were significantly greater with CTL versus FFD during the early (0-2 h) and cumulative (0-5 h) periods (P = 0.007; 0.018) but not NFD (P = 0.061; 0.278). While FFD and NFD EAA concentrations were similar during early (0-2 h) and cumulative (0-5 h) periods (P = 0.114; 0.071). Total AA (TAA) concentrations were not significantly different between conditions for both the early (0-2 h) and cumulative (0-5 h) periods (P > 0.05 for all).

Conclusions: Manipulating the dairy milk matrix with higher and/or lower fat differentially modulates postprandial leucinemia, but not total or essential amino acid concentrations in people with overweight or obesity.

Funding Sources: This study was funded by Dairy Management, Inc.™