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Dietary Patterns (Poster Session)

(P22-029-24) Serum Proteins Associated With LDL-C and Non-HDL-C in Response to Dietary Interventions in the DASH and DASH-Sodium Trials

Monday, July 1, 2024
11:45 AM – 12:45 PM CT
Location: Poster Board 305

    Presenting Author(s)

  • HK

    Hyunju Kim, PhD MPH

    Assistant professor
    University of Washington School of Public Health
    Baltimore, Maryland, United States

    • Co-Author(s)

  • AL

    Alice H. Lichtenstein, DSc (she/her/hers)

    Gershoff Professor of Nutrition Science and Policy Director, Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory and Senior Scientist
    JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University
    Boston, Massachusetts, United States

  • JC

    Josef Coresh

    New York University, United States

  • LA

    Lawrence J. Appel, MD, MPH

    Professor
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
    Baltimore, Maryland, United States

  • Casey M. Rebholz, PhD

    Associate Professor
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
    Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Objectives: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (C), and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C levels compared to the control diet. However, the pathways underlying the relation between the DASH diet and lipoprotein levels are not fully understood. We identified DASH diet-related proteins that were differently associated with LDL-C, and non-HDL-C by diet interventions.

Methods: The DASH and DASH-Sodium trials were feeding studies that randomized participants to DASH or control diets. Proteomic profiling (SomaLogic) was conducted at the end of the DASH (N=211) and DASH-Sodium (N=387) intervention periods. For the 71 proteins that were significantly different in individuals provided with the DASH vs. control diets, multivariable linear regression models were calculated to identify associations between proteins and changes in LDL-C, and non-HDL-C. In each trial, cross-product terms between diets (DASH vs. control) and proteins were used to assess interactions. Meta-analyses using fixed effects models were used across the trials.

Results: Two proteins [collagen triple helix repeat-containing protein 1 (CTHRC1) and growth differentiation factor 8 (MSTN)], and one protein [phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase-interacting protein-like (PHYHIPL)] were differentially associated with changes in LDL-C, and non-HDL-C, respectively, in the DASH and DASH-Sodium trials (P for interaction < 0.05 for all tests). All proteins, except MSTN, were higher among those who consumed the DASH vs. control diets. All proteins were associated with a reduction in lipoprotein levels among those who were provided with the DASH diets (range of ß = -3.69 to -1.76) and with elevations among those who were provided with the control diets (range of ß = 0.20 to 3.47).

Conclusions: Proteins involved in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß pathway a and inflammatory processes that were modified by consumption of the DASH diet were associated with reductions in LDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels.

Funding Sources: R01 HL153178