(P22-043-24) Prepandemic Protein Intake: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2017–2020

Objectives: This cross-sectional study evaluates protein intake trends (2017–2020) and DRI conformity parameters by race and ethnicity in Americans allowing identification of demographic groups (sex, and race or ethnicity in the US population) that may be particularly vulnerable to inadequate protein intake.

This study hypothesizes that “redlining,” “capital disparities,” and socioeconomic factors (access/transportation, income, education) contribute to food deserts in America’s Black neighborhoods and make nutrient-rich food that is low in saturated and trans fats inaccessible.

Methods: Data from NHANES 2017-2020 were used to determine current protein intake and differences among age, sex, and race/ethnicity groups. The study assessed the percentage of the population below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and Recommended Dietary Allowance and above and below the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR).

Results: The study found that mean protein intake was lowest in those aged 80 years and above and highest in the age group of 31-50 years. Protein intake was also lower in females and higher in males. In the sex-combined analysis, Hispanic individuals consumed significantly more protein than Asian, non-Hispanic black, and non-Hispanic white individuals.

Conclusions: This study provides evidence that protein intake varies among different age, sex, and race or ethnicity groups in the U.S. population, with some groups consuming less than recommended amounts. This low adherence to the DRIs, combined with physical inactivity and nutrient-poor diets, increases the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and osteoporosis. Therefore, raising awareness and developing effective programs to improve protein intake and overall dietary habits is crucial for better public health.

Funding Sources: N/A