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Dietary Patterns (Poster Session)

(P22-068-24) Long-Term Dietary Patterns and Gut Microbiome Among Black/African American Adults in the Southeastern United States

Monday, July 1, 2024
12:45 PM – 1:45 PM CT
Location: Poster Board 343

    Presenting Author(s)

  • Lei Wang, MPhil

    PhD student in Epidemiology
    Vanderbilt University
    Nashville, Tennessee, United States

    • Co-Author(s)

  • SN

    Sang Nguyen

    Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States

  • MS

    Martha Shrubsole

    Vanderbilt University Medical Center

  • QC

    Qiuyin Cai

    Vanderbilt University Medical Center

  • WZ

    Wei Zheng

    Vanderbilt University Medical Center

  • DY

    Danxia Yu, PhD

    Assistant Professor
    Vanderbilt University Medical Center
    Nashville, Tennessee, United States

Disclosure(s):
Lei Wang, MPhil: No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.


Objectives: To evaluate the influence of long-term dietary patterns on gut microbiome diversity and composition among Black Americans.

Methods: Included were 514 Black participants of the Southern Community Cohort Study, who completed a food frequency questionnaire at baseline (2002-2009) and had no diarrhea or antibiotic use in the two weeks prior to stool collection (2018-2021). The stool/gut microbiome was profiled by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Five dietary indices, capturing healthy dietary patterns (Healthy Eating Index [HEI) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension [DASH]) and poor dietary patterns (Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Potential [EDIP], Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia [EDIH], and Ultra-Processed Foods [UPF]), were examined for their associations with microbiome diversity and composition (i.e., abundance of taxa from phylum to species level) by generalized linear regression after data transformation and adjusting for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, body mass index, and history of major chronic diseases. PFDR < 0.1 at each taxonomic level was considered statistically significant.

Results: The mean ± SD age was 53.2 ± 7.7 years at baseline and 66.5 ± 7.8 years at the stool collection. None of the five dietary patterns was significantly associated with microbiome α-or β-diversity. Significant inverse associations were found for HEI with orders Coriobacteriales (β=-0.12) and Acidaminococcales (β=-0.35), DASH with class Coriobacteriia(β=-0.12), and EDIP with genus Weissella (β=-0.71); all PFDR < 0.1. Within these significant taxa, we further found that both HEI and DASH were associated with decreased abundance of two families Coriobacteriaceae and Acidaminococcaceae and several species belong to genus Collinsella. In contrast, EDIP, EDIH, and/or UPF were associated with increased abundance of families Coriobacteriaceae, Acidaminococcaceae, and Atopobiaceae and genus Collinsella (all PFDR < 0.1).

Conclusions: We identified several gut microbiome taxa consistently associated with long-term dietary patterns among Black American adults, including genera Collinsella, which affects host metabolism, and Weissella, which may have probiotic and anti-inflammatory potential. Further research is needed to evaluate if these bacteria mediate or modify the effects of diet on diseases.

Funding Sources: NCI and NIDDK