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Maternal, Perinatal and Pediatric Nutrition (Poster Session)

(P10-069-24) Age and Gender Differences in Dietary Vitamin D Intake and Serum 25-OHD Status In Adolescents: NHANES 2001-2018

Sunday, June 30, 2024
11:45 AM – 12:45 PM CT
Location: Poster Board 564
Disclosure(s):
Derek C. Miketinas, PhD, RD: ingredion: Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
Mead Johnson Nutrition/Reckitt: Consultant (Ongoing); Grant/Research Support (Ongoing); Independent Contractor (including contracted research) (Ongoing)
Ariana Bailey, PhD: Mead Johnson Nutrition/Reckitt: Employee (Ongoing)


Objectives: Suboptimal vitamin D status can increase the risk for rickets and osteomalacia in children and adolescents.  The purpose of this analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was to describe inadequate vitamin D intake, deficiency risk, and inadequacy risk among children and adolescents 9-18y. 

Methods: This secondary analysis of the NHANES 2001-2018 included those 9-18y who provided at least one reliable dietary recall and were not pregnant or lactating at the time of examination.  Usual vitamin D intake from foods, beverages and supplements was assessed using the NCI method and the prevalence of inadequate intake from all sources (% below estimated average requirement of 10µg/d) was assessed using the cut-point approach. Serum vitamin D (25OHD) was assessed using radioimmunoassay for 2001-2006 and converted to values equivalent to those assessed in 2007-2018 using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was classified as < 30 nmol/L and 30-49 nmol/L, respectively.

Results: This analysis included 16,633 adolescents 9-18y. Of the eligible sample, 14,706 (88.4%) provided serum vitamin D samples.  Mean[SE] usual intake for 9-13y and 14-18y were 9.2[0.2] and 7.6[0.2] µg/d, respectively. Girls were more likely to report inadequate vitamin D intake compared to boys among 9-13y (82.3[1.0]% vs 76.1[1.0]%; p < .001) and among 14-18y (87.5[0.9]% vs 83.1[1.0]%; p = .002). Mean serum 25OHD was 67.1[0.7] nmol/L for 9-13y and 65.1[0.8] nmol/L for 14-18y. The prevalence of deficiency was low among both age groups (9-13y: 2.0[0.2]%; 14-18y: 4.3[0.3]%) while 15.8[0.9]% of those 9-13y and 20.9[0.9]% of those 14-18y had insufficient serum 25OHD. Girls were more likely to have insufficient serum 25OHD compared to boys among 9-13y (19.5[1.1]% vs 12.1[0.9]%; p < .001) and 14-18y (23.6[1.2]% vs 18.5[1.0]%; p < .001).  

Conclusions: Most adolescents reported inadequate vitamin D intake and nearly one fifth (9-13y) to one quarter (14-18y) had suboptimal serum 25OHD. Girls were at greatest risk for inadequate vitamin D intake and low serum 25OHD compared to boys among all age groups. 

Funding Sources: This project was funded by Reckitt|Mead Johnson Nutrition .