(P04-005-24) Effect of High and Low Doses of Cottonseed Oil and Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Markers in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objectives: Linoleic acid (LA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) are associated with promoting inflammation and oxidative stress. However, cottonseed oil (CSO), high in LA and SFA, has shown inflammation reduction in animal studies and in humans when consumed at high dose (50% energy). This contrary finding is attributed to the unique nutrients such as dihydrosterculic acid (DHSA) and high α-tocopherol in CSO. This study aims to compare the effect of 60 g CSO, 30 g CSO, 60 g extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), 30 g EVOO on plasma inflammatory (IL6, IL1ra, TNF-α, IL8, IFNg, IL1β, IL10) and oxidative stress markers (8-iso15-keto-PG F2-α, 8-12isoF2-αVI, 8-isoPGE2, 8-hydroxyguanosine) in healthy adults.

Methods: A 28–30-day double-blinded parallel trial was done where 47 healthy adults (BMI < 27 kg/m^2, 18-55 years) were randomly assigned to smoothies containing 60 g CSO, 60 g EVOO, 30 g CSO, or 30 g EVOO. Blood was drawn before and 15 minutes after the exercise test which involved 30-min of uphill treadmill walk or run (75% VO2 max) at both pre-and post-intervention. Plasma was analyzed for inflammatory markers using the Ella Automated Immunoassay System. Oxidative markers were extracted from plasma after protein precipitation using acetone followed by resuspension in water: methanol 1:1. LCMS analysis used C18 reverse-phase with a water/methanol gradient. Identifications were made using retention time and high-resolution MS/MS against authentic standards. Quantification involved standard addition to the plasma for maximum accuracy. A linear mixed-effect model was run on inflammation and oxidative stress markers followed by ANOVA with the Sidak adjustment for multiple pairwise comparisons.

Results: At baseline, exercise induced an increase (p < 0.05) in IL6, IL8, and IL1ra by 1.3, 1.1, and 1.13 folds, respectively, but no changes were observed for oxidative stress. Post- treatment, resting 8-hydroxyguanosine was lower in the 30 g/day CSO group compared to the 30 g/day EVOO (p < 0.01) and 60 g/day EVOO (p=0.09) group.

Conclusions: Supplementation of CSO at 30 and 60 g/day for 28 days did not lower resting or post-exercise inflammation; however, supplementation of CSO at 30 g/day lowered resting 8-hydroxyguanosine level. Antioxidant but not anti-inflammatory benefits may be detected with the dose and duration of CSO supplementation in this study.

Funding Sources: Cotton Incorporated 22-070